Temperature effects in nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy. Explosives detection with nuclear quadrupole resonance. Nuclear m agnetic resonance sp ectroscopy nuc lear quadrupole resonance applications. Edmonds clarendon laboratory of physics oxford university oxford, england i. The single purple line shown for potassium nitrate reflects a resonance of potassium39. This technology collects proliferation sensitive information and requires the use of an information barrier. A theory of the broadening of multiplet components in magnetic resonance spectra of coupled nuclei due to electric quadrupole spinlattice relaxation is presented. A lowpower compact nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr based explosive detection system xinwang zhang, ph. Hibbs, quantum magnetics introduction nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr combines the spatial localization capability and convenience of metal detection or groundpenetrating radar gpr with the compound specific detection capability offered by chemical detection techniques. A number of atomic nuclei possess nonzero electric quadrupole moments in the ground state. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr is a radio frequency rf spectroscopy technique for solid materials the instrumentation is like nmr but nqr doesnt require an applied b 0 field because the physical mechanism is different there are benefits and drawbacks to nqr as compared with nmr. Some examples of nuclear quadrupole moments nucleus i q 1028m2 2h 1 2. Nqr abbreviation stands for nuclear quadrupole resonance. The effect of quadrupole relaxation on nuclear magnetic.
Application of nuclear quadrupole resonance to detection of explosives and research activities at ciae shengyun zhu, xing li, zhongcheng lu, guobao wang, and weiguo shu china institute of atomic energy p. More than 75% of all nmr active nuclei have a spin larger than 12. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr is the study of the energy splittings due to interaction of the electric quadrupole moment of the nucleus with the elec. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr is a spectroscopic technique that can detect explosives of high chemical specificity and therefore it is very suitable for the landmine detection problem. Nuclear quadrupole resonance in kernite ubc library open. It works by exciting nuclei with radiowaves and comparing the resulting properties to known high explosives. Nuclei with a spin greater than 12, such as 14 n, have a nuclear electric quadrupole moment that interacts with the electric field of the surrounding electrons, producing an electric quadrupole coupling. Nuclear quadrupole resonance for explosive detection. The interaction of a nuclear quadrupole moment with the local inhomogeneous. Nation al research council and institute of physical chemistry of the university,via risorgimento 35,56100 pisa. View nuclear quadrupole resonance research papers on academia. Nuclear quadrupole resonances in compact vapor cells. The detection of these quadrupolar nuclei have been essential for the characterization of new solid materials, such as zeolites, surface catalysts, metalorganic frameworks and battery materials or pharmaceuticals, 1 in order to obtain structurefunction relationships and rationalize their properties. A selective absorption phenomenon observable in a wide variety of polycrystalline compounds containing nonspherical atomic nuclei when placed in a magnetic radiofrequency field.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance article about nuclear. As in the nmr case, the sole main interaction does not allow the general. May 16, 2008 the detection of explosives is a challenging topic. Nuclear quadrupole resonance in kernite by rudolph roland haering a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts i n the department of p h y s i c s we accept t h i s t h e s i s as conforming t o the standard r e q u i r e d from candidates f o r the degree of master of arts members o f the department of p h y s i c s the university of british. We provide an overview of nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr, including two. Nmr references for quadrupole hamiltonian pascalman.
Nuclear quadrupole resonanceor nqr is a technique related to nuclear magnetic resonance nmr which is used to detect atoms whose nuclei have a nuclear quadrupole moment. Quadrupole resonance article about quadrupole resonance by. Let us notice, that without knowing plasmon size characteristics, the resonance dipole and quadrupole plasmon frequency for the sphere. Nuclear quadrupole resonance of triazaphosphorines springerlink. Nuclear quadrupole resonance in amorphous semiconductors. Nuclear quadrupole resonance research papers academia. Jan 22, 2009 we trace the transformation of i 32 1xe nuclear spin resonances from the pure nuclear quadrupole regime to the quadrupoleperturbed zeeman regime. Journal of research of the national bureau of standards.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of quadrupolar nuclei and. Nuclear quadrupole resonance of triazaphosphorines. Nuclear magnetic resonance, first demonstrated in 1946, takes advantage of the fact that certain atomic nuclei possess magnetic dipole moments. Nuclear quadrupole resonance for explosive detection hideo itozaki and go ota graduate school of engineering science, osaka university machikaneyama toyonaka, osaka, 5608531, japan abstract abstract a nuclear quadrupole resonance detector has been developed. Unlike nmr, nqr transitions of nuclei can be detected in the absence of a magnetic field, and for this reason nqr spectroscopy is referred to as zero field nmr. Pdf nuclear quadrupole resonance for explosive detection. Nuclear quadrupole resonance detection of explosives. Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy springerlink. Bryce solidstate nuclear magnetic resonance and nuclear quadrupole resonance as complementary tools to study quadrupolar nuclei in solids, concepts magn. It is shown that the broadening of the components of the 1. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr offers a unique means for the study of less structure, dynamics and chemical bonding in solids.
View nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy ppts online, safely and virus free. The more difficult situation meets, when in the free compounds there are strong. How weak rf pulses and double resonance crossrelaxation contribute to explosives detection. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Nuclear magnetic resonance nmr spectroscopy direct observation of the hs and cs of a molecules nuclei are positively charged and spin on an axis. The resonance effect comes from the fact that valence electrons preferentially align with some of the 14 n. These issues necessitate the development of prompt and accurate explosive detection systems. Experimental and theoretical research conducted in two areas in the field of nuclear magnetic resonance nmr spectroscopy is presented. The nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr explosive identification system is used to confirm the presence, and identify, high explosives in an object or container. A modification of nuclear quadrupole double resonance with coupled multiplet is proposed which can be used for the measurement of the dipolar structure of the 17o nuclear quadrupole resonance. Nuclear quadrupole resonance has much in common with nuclear magnetic resonance nmr, the fundamental physical process that makes magnetic resonance imaging possible. A nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrometer ubc library. These techniques, and nqr in particular, induce signals from the material being interrogated that are very specific to the chemical and physical structure of the material, but are relatively.
A nuclear quadrupole resonance spectboheter by beverley1 joan fulton b. In nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr, the main interaction is due to the nuclear electric quadrupole moment in the presence of a local electric. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr is a spectroscopic technique closely related to nuclear magnetic resonance nmr and magnetic resonance imaging mri. The second term vanishes due to the inversion symmetry of the charge distribution. The quadrupole moment, nonzero only for nuclei with spin quantum number i greater than or equal to 1, is a nuclear. High sensitivity nuclear quadrupole resonance of light nuclei donald t. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr uses radiofrequency rf magnetic fields to induce and detect transitions between sublevels of a nuclear ground state, a description that also applies to nuclear magnetic resonance nmr. Sina balk r abandoned landmines and terrorist bomb attacks are severe issues threatening our society. Journal of molecular structure, 58 1980 5361 53 elsevier scientific publishing company, amsterdam printed in the netherlands nuclear quadrupole resonance data 11 from endor experiments arturo colligiani laboratorio di chimica quantistica ed energetica molecolare of the c. Apr 25, 2015 video shows what nuclear quadrupole resonance means.
The fluxional behavior of 2,6dimethylphenylpentachlorocyclopentadienylmercury ii has been examined in solution by variable temperature nmr spectroscopy and by nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr spectroscopy in the solid state. There are several factors affecting the relation of noise signal ratio with nqr. The third or quadrupole term, however, can effect the megnetic dipole transltlons. The crossover between the nmr and the nuclear quadrupole resonance interaction regimes nist. Application of nuclear quadrupole resonance to detection of. The nqr resonance is mediated by the interaction of the electric field gradient efg with the quadrupole. A technique, allied to nuclear magnetic resonance, that has a number of academic and practical applications nuclear quadrupole resonance meaning. Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy or nqr is a chemical analysis technique related to nuclear magnetic resonance. What is the abbreviation for nuclear quadrupole resonance. Nitrogenbearing compounds that are innocuous, such as glycine and sodium nitrite, also experience nuclear quadrupole resonance, but their spectral lines are distinct from those used in uncovering explosives. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr is a spectroscopic technique that can detect explosives with high chemical specificity and therefore it is very suitable for the landmine detection problem. High sensitivity nuclear quadrupole resonance of light nuclei.
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